Fig. 1. The effects of blockers for NHE, AE, ENaC and PARP on osmotic shrinkage induced by hyperosmotic stimulation in AVP neurons. (a) Time course of changes in the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the cell soma before and after application of hyperosmotic bath solution (at arrow) in the absence (Control) or presence of an NHE blocker, amiloride (100 mM), or an AE blocker, DIDS (100 mM). (b) Percentage of recovery of CSA (from Control peak osmotic shrinkage) at 90 min after application of hyperosmotic bath solution in the absence (Control) or presence of amiloride (100 mM), DIDS (100 mM), benzamil (10 mM), or 3-AB (300 mM). *p<0.05 vs. Control (n=12-33).